PSI-10 · ACME/Flame Design

“Obtain soot-inception limits of quasi-steady normal and inverse spherical diffusion flames as functions of flow rate, Zst, amount of inert (N2 or CO2), and pressure for C2H4 and CH4 flames.” [PSI JSON: objective]

“Perform spherical diffusion flame tests in drop towers and aboard the International Space Station.” [PSI JSON: approach]

Overview

Objective [text]

The primary objectives of this flight experiment are: A. Obtain soot-inception limits of quasi-steady normal and inverse spherical diffusion flames as functions of flow rate, Zst, amount of inert (N2 or CO2), and pressure for C2H4 and CH4 flames. Identify the corresponding temperatures in hot regions. Obtain similar limits and temperatures for inverse and normal coflow flames. B. Obtain detailed measurements in quasi-steady normal and inverse spherical diffusion flames for C2H4 and CH4. Determine the effects of flow rate, Zst, amount of N2, and pressure on flame temperature, size, color, and soot volume fraction. Evaluate the possible existence of steady flames. C. Obtain extinction limits as functions of Zst, amount of N2, and pressure for normal and inverse spherical C2H4 and CH4 flames. Identify the corresponding temperatures in hot regions. Identify the presence of radiative or kinetic extinction. Evaluate whether pseudo-flammability limits can be obtained for these flames.

Source

data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: objective · PSI investigation

Approach [text]

Perform spherical diffusion flame tests in drop towers and aboard the International Space Station. Consider a broad range of reactant dilutions, flow rates and pressures for normal and inverse convection directions. Observe the flames with a broad suite of cameras, radiometers, photomultiplier tubes, and thermocouples.

Source

data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: approach · PSI investigation

Hypothesis [text]

1. Soot formation requires a region where local C/O ratio and T exceed their critical values, and where strain rate is sufficiently low. 2. Microgravity spherical diffusion flames extinguish when the peak temperature first decreases below 1130 K. 3. Steady-state spherical diffusion flames are possible.

Source

data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: hypothesis · PSI investigation

Research impacts [text]

This project has the potential for improving efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions in terrestrial combustors. For example, it is contributing to novel designs of future coal power plants.

Source

data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: researchImpacts · PSI investigation

Hardware [text]

Advanced Combustion via Microgravity Experiments (ACME), Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR), Reconfiguration of Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR)

Source

data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: experimentHardware · PSI investigation

Flight program [text]

International Space Station (ISS)

Source

data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: flightProgram · PSI investigation

Start date [text]

01-14-1999

Source

data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: investigationStartDate · PSI investigation

End date [text]

04-30-2025

Source

data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: investigationEndDate · PSI investigation

Tests

327 tests with extracted table records (SAME-R aging sub-runs grouped by parent ID) · 2165 extracted values (source: data/conditions/PSI-10.csv).

Variation is observed in extracted values; it does not establish the experimental design.

Variable	Observed	Distinct values / tests	Range
burner_o2_mole_fraction [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	varied	58 / 109	21.2% – 85.0%
diluent [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	observed constant	1 / 327	N2
flame_type [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	distinct values as recorded	2 / 327	inverse, normal
fuel [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	distinct values as recorded	3 / 327	C2H4, C3H8, ethylene
fuel_phase [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	observed constant	1 / 28	gas
o2_mole_fraction [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	varied	188 / 207	19.8% – 40.0%
outcome:o2_mole_fraction_after_test [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	measured	187 / 187	0.197475265 1 – 0.397248069 1
outcome:pressure_after_test [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	measured	140 / 307	43.2991 kPa – 306.886 kPa
pressure [data/conditions/PSI-10.csv]	varied	129 / 327	43 kPa (6.24 psia) – 305 kPa (44.2 psia)

Loading test data…

Additional outcome cells, where available, are displayed as written. Source: data/derived/outcomes_extra.csv.

Instruments mentioned in the approach

No instrument sentence identified in the approach text.

Experimental table columns

Flame Type [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
Fuel [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
Xfuel [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
mfuel (mg/s) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
mN2 (mg/s) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
mtot (mg/s) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
XO2 (init) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
XO2 (final) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
pinit (atm) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
pfinal (atm) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
pmean (atm) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
mean Zst [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
Tad (K) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Normal Flame.csv · PSI investigation
Flame Type [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
XO2 [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
mO2 (mg/s) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
mN2 (mg/s) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
mtot (mg/s) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
XC2H4 initial [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
XC2H4 final [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
pinit (atm) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
pfinal (atm) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
pmean (atm) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
mean Zst [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation
Tad (K) [table] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/Experimental table/PSI-10_Experimental table_Flame Design_Inverse Flame.csv · PSI investigation

Data

Download extracted data

Publications

The kinetics and warm flame chemistry associated with radiative extinction of spherical diffusion flames 10.1080/13647830.2024.2326830 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Soot Formation in Spherical Diffusion Flames 10.3390/math11020261 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
On the existence of steady-state gaseous microgravity spherical diffusion flames in the presence of radiation heat loss 10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.049 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Critical temperature and reactant mass flux for radiative extinction of ethylene microgravity spherical diffusion flames at 1 bar 10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.043 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
An investigation of thermal radiation from laminar diffusion flames in a tri-coflow burner with central oxygen 10.1016/j.combustflame.2022.112158 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
SPHERICAL DIFFUSION FLAME IN MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS: FIRST RESULTS OF JOINT RUSSIAN-AMERICAN SPACE EXPERIMENT FLAME DESIGN - ADAMANT 10.30826/NEPCAP9B-13 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Observations of long duration microgravity spherical diffusion flames aboard the International Space Station 10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.019 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Double blue zones in inverse and normal laminar jet diffusion flames 10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.09.014 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Dilution effects on laminar jet diffusion flame lengths 10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.085 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
A new method of flame temperature measurement utilizing the acoustic emissions from laser-induced plasmas 10.1016/j.proci.2018.07.096 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Structure and extinction of spherical burner-stabilized diffusion flames that are attached to the burner surface 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.08.024 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Effects of Inert Placement (Z st) on Soot and Radiative Heat Flux in Turbulent Diffusion Flames 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01092 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Observation of water–gas shift equilibrium in diffusion flames 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.025 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
An Approach to Thermocouple Measurements That Reduces Uncertainties in High-Temperature Environments 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00071 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Modeled quenching limits of spherical hydrogen diffusion flames 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.029 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Simplifying the complexity of diffusion flames through interpretation in C/O ratio space 10.1016/j.camwa.2013.01.008 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Numerical study of flame structure and soot inception interpreted in carbon-to-oxygen atom ratio space 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.043 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Stability of spray combustion for water/alcohols mixtures in oxygen-enriched air 10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.088 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Numerical investigation of spherical diffusion flames at their sooting limits 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.05.022 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Kinetic and radiative extinctions of spherical burner-stabilized diffusion flames 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.007 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Extremely weak hydrogen flames 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.07.024 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Characteristics of non-premixed oxygen-enhanced combustion: II. Flame structure effects on soot precursor kinetics resulting in soot-free flames 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.04.013 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Characteristics of non-premixed oxygen-enhanced combustion: I. The presence of appreciable oxygen at the location of maximum temperature 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.07.009 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Soot inception limits in laminar diffusion flames with application to oxy–fuel combustion 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.008 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Radiative extinction of gaseous spherical diffusion flames in microgravity 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.08.009 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Numerical and experimental observations of spherical diffusion flames 10.1080/13647830601161567 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
The effects of elevated pressure on the kinetics and extinction of hot, warm, and cool gaseous ethylene spherical diffusion flames 10.1016/j.proci.2024.105400 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
On Soot Inception in Nonpremixed Flames and the Effects of Flame Structure 10.1080/00102209808952065 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Measurement and analysis of soot inception limits of oxygen-enriched coflow flames 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.08.004 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Scalar dissipation rate at extinction and the effects of oxygen-enriched combustion 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.02.008 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
A theoretical study on soot inception in spherical burner-stabilized diffusion flames 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.08.016 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
SOOTING LIMITS OF MICROGRAVITY SPHERICAL DIFFUSION FLAMES IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED AIR AND DILUTED FUEL 10.1080/00102200490514994 [data/manifest/publications.csv]
Effects of structure and hydrodynamics on the sooting behavior of spherical microgravity diffusion flames 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00424-8 [data/manifest/publications.csv]

Data reuse

Not stated in PSI [not in PSI] data/raw/psi-data/PSI-10/_investigation/PSI-10.json: related_glds · PSI investigation

PSI page

PSI page data/manifest/web_check_2026-11-14.csv: line 1 URL pattern

In PYRION

Explore tests · · PSI DOI: 10.60555/w4zy-bt45